Turkish adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey: A multicenter study

Abstract

Patient experience is a critical indicator of healthcare quality and therefore requires assessment using robust measurement tools. One such is the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey. However, limited evidence supports its validation, underscoring the need for further psychometric evaluation across diverse healthcare contexts. A multicenter cross-sectional psychometric study was conducted across three private hospitals in Turkey. Between December 2023 and December 2024, data were collected from 478 patients following hospital discharge. Content validity was assessed using content validity indices, and construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. The Turkish HCAHPS maintained its original structure with excellent content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good model fit (chi 2/df = 2.06; RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.98; NFI = 0.96). Reliability analysis revealed that both Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega values ranged from 0.71 to 0.95, indicating acceptable to excellent internal consistency across composites. The Turkish version of the HCAHPS demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, supporting its use as a reliable tool for measuring patient experience, with potential to inform quality improvement efforts in hospital settings.