Geographical elements in country flags

Abstract

Flags which are regarded as the symbols of countries have various colors and symbols. Each color, symbol, coat of arms and emblem used in flags has a specific meaning. When the meanings of country flags are examined, it has been identified that geographical elements are included in the flags of 86% of the world countries. Natural or human elements common or distinct in the country's geographical environment are incorporated in the flags. It is identified that natural elements are emphasized in 45% of the flags whereas human elements are emphasized in 65%. Some of these elements are oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, sun, soil, mountains, islands, beaches, snow, ice, mines, flora, animals, agriculture, religion, ethnic structure and management style. Current study examines the meanings of geographical elements in country flags and the reasons behind their selections.