A rare cervical manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia: granulocytic sarcoma simulating as a gynecologic tumor

Abstract

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extramedullary accumulation of proliferating myeloblasts, most commonly seen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but rarely associated with chronic myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or myeloproliferative neoplasms. The skin is the most frequent site of extramedullary relapse, followed by the mediastinum, gingiva, ear, lymph nodes, central nervous system, and testis. We report a case of a 38-year-old female who presented to our clinic with abnormal vaginal bleeding. She had a history of bone marrow transplantation 5 years ago for AML. Based on clinical suspicion, a cervical biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of GS. Although GS involving the female reproductive tract is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abnormal gynecologic symptoms in patients with a history of AML.