A suggestion of standard and optimized steps in the LOC (Lab on a Chip), LOD (Lab on a Disc), and POC (Point of Care) development process for biomedical applications: A case study about ESR

Abstract

Molecular imaging, sensing, and diagnostic systems have recently produced new microanalysis technologies (LOC-Lab on a Chip, LOD-Lab on a Disk) used as biosensors for point of care (POC) testing systems. Their benefits in medical applications were recognized as a promising area of research for further development. Biosensors have evolved over the last decade with a paradigms involving fast and real-time sensing, ease of use, and low cost. However, there are difficulties in meeting sensitivity requirements and detecting low concentrations for early-stage diagnosis while maintaining efficiency and speed. Typically, a simple POC diagnosis can test blood, saliva, or other biological material. The test must be able to directly measure a parameter in a sample with little intervention from other fluid components or the need for a series of preparatory procedures prior to analysis. In this study, the whole process was evaluated by examining optimization, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and simulation stages to design and build microfluidic-based chips by increasing the detection probability for biological materials in diagnostic systems (LOC). A case study about some stages of a sedimentation kit development was used to illustrate this procedure. This involved the modeling and assessment of this POC, which is based on the MicroESR sedimentation development system. It was introduced in stages. Next, some additional assessments based on the proposed POC steps were also discussed.