Sports activity level after ACL reconstruction is predicted by vastus medialis or vastus medialis obliquus thickness, single leg triple hop distance or 6-m timed hop, and quality of life score

Abstract

Purpose Recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may take>2 years, and younger athletes have higher re-injury risk. The purpose of this prospective longitudinal study was to determine how the early to mid-term Tegner Activity Level Scale (TALS) scores of athletically active males≥2 years post-ACLR follow-up was predicted by bilateral isokinetic knee extensor and fexor torque, quadriceps femoris thickness, single leg hop test performance, and self-reported knee function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS); International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Assessment score). Methods After ACLR with a hamstring tendon autograft and safely returning to sports at least twice weekly, 23 men (18.4±3.5 years of age) were evaluated at fnal follow-up (mean=4.5, range=2–7 years). Exploratory forward stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between independent surgical and non-surgical lower limb variables peak concentric isokinetic knee extensor-fexor torque at 60°/sec and 180°/sec, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness, single leg hop test profle results, KOOS subscale scores, IKDC Subjective Assessment scores, and time post-ACLR on TALS scores at fnal follow-up. Results Subject TALS scores were predicted by KOOS quality of life subscale score, surgical limb vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) thickness, and surgical limb single leg triple hop for distance (SLTHD) performance. Subject TALS scores were also predicted by KOOS quality of life subscale score, non-surgical limb vastus medialis (VM) thickness, and non-surgical limb 6 m single leg timed hop (6MSLTH) performance. Conclusion TALS scores were infuenced diferently by surgical and non-surgical lower extremity factors. At≥2 years postACLR, ultrasound VM and VMO thickness measurements, single leg hop tests that challenge knee extensor function, and self-reported quality of life measurements predicted sports activity levels. The SLTHD test may be better than the 6MSLTH for predicting long-term surgical limb function.