Anti-mycobacterial, cytotoxic effects of penicillium mallochii ethanol extract, and quantitative detection of its extrolites by lc-q-tof-ms/ms

Abstract

Tuberculosis and cancer are the most critical global health problems of our time, and the diseases that cause the most deaths globally. This investigation focused on Penicillium mallochii, a key component of our fungus collection, which is registered in GenBank under the number MG591446. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of P. mallochii ethanol extract (EE) against Mycobacterium species, as well as their cytotoxic activities on cell lines, were investigated. For this purpose, the anti-mycobacterial activity of P. mallochii EE extract was tested against all tuberculosis (TB) strains, including avirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (MT-H37Ra) and virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MT-H37Rv), and six clinical strains (MT-1 to MT-6). It has also been investigated to explore its anticancer activity on HL-60, K562, and A549 cancer cell lines. Additionally, Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) enabled the identification of a total of four compounds in the EE, including harmane, kojic acid, simvastatin, and lovastatin. We have provided information about its extrolite content and antituberculosis and cytotoxic effects. P. mallochii is a potential microorganism for future medical drug studies due to its promising antituberculosis activity, cytotoxic effects, and valuable extrolites.