Türk Kültüründe Yüzle İlgili Deyim ve Atasözleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Toplumların en önemli dil hazinelerinden olan deyim ve atasözleri kültürlerin dinamiklerini yansıtan kalıplaşmışifadelerdir. Deyim ve atasözleri günlük hayatıiçeren, az sözle çok kavram ve yargının dile getirildiği keskin ifadelerdir. Öğretici olma ve akılda kolay kalma, kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılma özelliğine sahip olan bu kalıplaşmışifadeler, daima bilim adamlarının ilgisini çeken konular arasında olmuştur. Özellikle halk bilimciler ve dil bilimciler için önde gelen araştırma konularından olan deyimler ve atasözleri, biçim ve anlamlarına göre çeşitlilik gösterirler. Bu makalede, hem güncelliklerini hiçbir zaman kaybetmeyen deyim ve atasözleri arasından, içinde sadece yüz kelimesi bulunanlar tespit edilerek, hem Türk dilinin zenginliğini sergilemek hem de deyim ve atasözü çalışmalarına katkısağlamak hedeflenmiştir

Idioms and proverbs are significant cliché expressions which also reflect dynamics of cultures in all societies. They are frequently used in everyday language to support or summarize a point of view. They also contain keen observations of everyday life. These cliché expressions are popular subjects among scholars. The study on idioms and proverbs has many applications in a number of fields. They are especially subjects of research areas for folklorists and linguists. The common conclusions of the studies on idioms and proverbs are that they not only reflect the characters and identities of societies but also common knowledge and worldviews of societies. Idioms and proverbs exhibit cultural postures which are very important for all communities. Transmitted generation to generation, idioms and proverbs constitute popular philosophy of life, and provide an insight into human behavior and character. The studies on idioms and proverbs are important fields among European and American scholars. Peter Steil emphasizes this importance of idioms and proverbs for folklore scholars in his studies Steil, 1969 . Proverbs are the simplest metaphoric genres such as folk songs, myths and folk theater. They have direct and open social intentions. Idioms and proverbs have been scrutinized since in early times. It is stated that because of their educational points, the priests in middle ages had translated the proverbs in Bible to Western languages. Western folklorists had discovered that idioms and proverbs reflections of “folk spirit.” The linguists and mythologists had traced the old words and beliefs in old idioms and proverbs. Their popularity is always study, we determine the proverbs and idioms having the word yüz “face” by applying the previous studies on proverbs and idioms. Ömer Asım Aksoy, a well-known scholar in Turkish language and folklore has determined 2110 proverbs and 7853 idioms in his dictionary. We have found out 68 proverbs and idioms containing the word yüz “face.” In order to evaluate the proverbs and idioms with yüz “face” we have looked at some old Turkish sources such as Kutadgu Bilig and Atabat al-Haqa’iq. We have also searched the Book of Dede Korkut, the most famous epic stories of the Oğuz Turks and carries morals and values important to the social lifestyle of the nomadic. Later, we have classified the proverbs and idioms according to their structures and styles. The classification has been divided into seven categories according to their grammatical structure and styles. In order to our research shed light on further studies, we have determined the proverbs and idioms according to their contents. We have discovered that the proverbs and idioms with yüz “face” reflect not only physical characteristics of human beings but also reflect cultural values of a society. Furthermore, the proverbs and idioms with yüz “face” according to their contents also carry people’s negative and positive behaviors which can be classified individually and collective. We have also observed the proverbs and idioms in prayers and laments