Perspective chapter: Candida and Candidiasis - recent taxonomic developments, invasion biology, and novel active compounds

Abstract

Candida spp. infections are most predominantly caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Candida spp. can cause a wide range of serious infections. Recent studies indicate that this genus has approximately 200 species. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. Sexual reproduction gives eukaryotic organisms some advantages, such as producing adaptable fertility to changing environments and eliminating harmful mutations. Relationships between epithelial cells and Candida spp. include responses to medically important fungal pathogens. Infection by C. albicans, which has significantly high virulence due to its biofilm formation feature, is rather difficult to manage. Invasive candidiasis is a serious infection that can affect the blood, brain, eyes, bones, heart or other parts of the body. Understanding C. albicans invasion kinetics is crucial to controlling the pathogen’s intrusion into the cells. New and effective antifungal compounds are needed due to the limited number and competence of antifungal agents. The search for natural compounds with anti-candidiasis effects continues increasingly.