A comparative evaluation of globe trauma features in a tertiary care hospital before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Objectives: To compare the clinical features, preoperative evaluation, and surgical approaches of globe trauma patients presenting to the emergency department before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 54 eyes of 54 patients with traumatic globe perforation who underwent primary globe repair. The patients were divided into two groups according to the official start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: Group 1, 1 May 2019-11 March 2020 and Group 2, 11 March 2020-1 January 2021. The demographic features, trauma history, time from trauma co admission and from admission to surgery, COVID-19 serology (polymerase chain reaction (Path result, ophthalmological examination findings at admission, surgical interventions, and postoperative clinical features were obtained from the patients' records.

Results: The mean ages of the patients in Group 1 (n=21) and Group 2 (n=33) were 42.76 +/- 20.72 and 37.78 +/- 23.47 years, respectively (p-0.431). During the pandemic, garden/farm injuries increased while workplace injuries decreased. In Groups 1 and 2 respectively, rime from trauma to admission was 461.4 +/- 1228.6 and 935.4 +/- 2039.6 min (p=0.342), time from admission to surgery was 604.2 +/- 679.8 and 392.7 +/- 306.9 min (p-0.125), and length of hospital stay was 7.23 +/- 4.96, and 3.78 +/- 2.28 days (p<0.005). All patients had a COVID-19 PCR test and all resulted negative. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the clinical features of the ocular and adnexal injuries, surgical interventions, or postoperative complications (p>0.05). Preoperative visual acuity was found to be an important prognostic factor associated with postoperative visual acuity.

Conclusion: Globe injuries require urgent intervention in terms of visual morbidity. Patterns of injury differ during the pandemic due to both restrictions and lifestyle changes. During the pandemic, patients were discharged as soon as possible after emergency treatment to minimize the time spent in the hospital.