Dy³⁺ ve Tb³⁺ katkılı SnO₂’nin yapısal ve lüminesans özelliklerinin incelenmesi

dc.contributor.advisorTülek, Remziye
dc.contributor.authorÇolak, Şennur
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-14T10:31:59Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentEnstitüler, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Ana Bilim Dalı
dc.descriptionBalıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Ana Bilim Dalı.
dc.description.abstractBu tez çalışmasında, çöktürme yöntemi tekniği kullanılarak saf SnO₂, SnO₂:Dy³⁺ (%5 ağırlık), SnO₂,:Tb³⁺ (%5 ağırlık) ve SnO₂,:Dy³ (%2,5 ağırlık): Tb³⁺ (%2,5 ağırlık) nano parçacıkların yapısal ve lüminesans özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu örneklerin yapısal ve optik özellikleri, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), enerji dağılımlı spektroskopi (EDS), Xışını kırınımı (XRD), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), ve fotolüminesans (PL) teknikleri ile incelenmiştir. 30-600 °C sıcaklık aralığında sadece %1-3 ağırlık kaybının gözlemlendiği TG analizleri, numunelerin yüksek termal kararlılığını doğrulamıştır. EDS analizi, Dy ve Tb iyonlarının SnO₂ ana matrisine başarılı bir şekilde dahil edildiğini ortaya koymuştur. Dy ve Tb katkılı numunelerin PL spektrumlarından, Dy³⁺ ve Tb³ iyonlarının uyarılmış hallerinden temel hallerine geçişlerine karşılık gelen karakteristik keskin pikler gözlendi. Çift katkılı SnO₂'de Tb³⁺ iyonuyla ilişkili geçişlerin PL yoğunluklarının, tek katkılı numunelere kıyasla önemli ölçüde arttığı görüldü. Bu, Dy³⁺'dan Tb³⁺ ‘a daha verimli enerji transferinin gerçekleştiği anlamına gelir. Çift katkılı SnO₂'nin emisyon özelliklerinin sıcaklık davranışı da analiz edildi. Tek ve çift katkılı SnO₂ numunelerinin renk koordinatlarının, 6600-6800 K renk sıcaklığı aralıklarına karşılık gelen yaklaşık x=0,31 ve y=0,32'de olduğu bulundu.
dc.description.abstractIn this thesis, structural and the luminescence properties of pure SnO₂, SnO₂, SnO₂:Dy³⁺ (5%wt.), SnO₂,:Tb³⁺ (5%wt.) and SnO₂,:Dy³(2.5%wt.): Tb³⁺(2.5%wt.) nanoparticles by coprecipitation approach solution casting technique were investigated. The structural and optical properties of these samples were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. TG analyses, where only 1-3% weight losses were observed in the 30-600 C temperature range, confirmed the high thermal stability of the samples. EDS analysis revealed successful incorporation of Dy³⁺ and Tb³ ions into SnO₂ host matrix. From the PL spectra of the Dy³⁺- and Tb³-doped samples, characteristic sharp peaks were observed corresponding to the transition from the excited states to ground states of Dy³⁺ and Tb³ ions. It was observed that the PL intensities of the transitions associated with Tb³ ion in co-doped SnO₂ increased significantly compared to the singledoped samples. This means that more efficient energy transfer occurs from Dy³ to Tb³ . The temperature behaviour of the emission properties of co-doped SnO₂ was also analysed. The colour coordinates of single and co-doped SnO₂ samples were found to be at about x=0.31 and y=0.32 corresponding to 6600-6800 K colour temperature ranges.
dc.identifier.citationÇolak, Şennur. Dy³⁺ ve Tb³⁺ katkılı SnO₂’nin yapısal veThis study aims to examine the effect of Blender 3D modeling applications, conducted within 5E lesson plans structured according to the flipped learning model, on the spatial visualization skills and attitudes toward 3D modeling of fine arts faculty students. The study was carried out with a group of 14 students enrolled in the Department of Graphic Design at the Faculty of Fine Arts of a state university. A mixed-methods approach, in which quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed together, was adopted; a case study design was employed as the research strategy. The implementation process was carried out over eight weeks, based on eight 5E lesson plans developed within the framework of the ADDIE instructional design model. Quantitative data were collected through the Spatial Visualization Test and the Attitude Scale Toward 3D Modeling, administered as pre-tests and post-tests. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted with five volunteer participants at the end of the process, and through field notes systematically kept by the researcher throughout the eight-week implementation. The findings reveal a statistically significant improvement with a very large effect size in the total spatial visualization score (t(13) = -5.235, p < .001, d = 1.40). In terms of attitude, a significant decrease was observed only in the anxiety sub-dimension (d = 0.581). Qualitative findings confirm that the flipped model was positively received by students and that development occurred in mental rotation competence. The research findings reveal that 3D modeling education, when delivered through a technology-supported and pedagogically structured instructional model, can create a meaningful learning experience in terms of both cognitive and attitudinal gains within the context of art and design education. özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2026.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12462/24377
dc.language.isotr
dc.publisherBalıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
dc.relation.publicationcategoryTez
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectDy³⁺/Tb³⁺
dc.subjectSnO₂
dc.subjectLüminesans
dc.subjectLuminescence
dc.titleDy³⁺ ve Tb³⁺ katkılı SnO₂’nin yapısal ve lüminesans özelliklerinin incelenmesi
dc.title.alternativeInvestigation of Structural and luminescence properties of Dy³⁺ and Tb³⁺ doped SnO₂
dc.typeMaster Thesis

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