Influence of Helichrysum arenarium on hemocyte-mediated immune responses and phenoloxidase enzyme activity of model organism Galleria mellonella (L.)

Abstract

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) (Asterales:Asteraceae) Moench is a therapeutic plant which contains etheric oil, favones and favon glycosides, sterins, bitter substances and tannins having various coumarins. This plant is thought to have important characteristics such as diuretic efect, dropping stones and sand from the kidney, regulating digestive disorders, strengthening the immune system, and having antibiotic and antioxidant efects. Additionally, this plant is traditionally used in liver and biliary tract diseases and also shows anti-infammatory and detoxifying properties. Model organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) is an invertebrate species that is frequently used to study the efects of human pathogens and various pesticides, hormones, etc. on immune system. In our study, we examined the efect of various doses of H. arenarium on the hemocyte count and behavior of G. mellonella larvae. According to the fndings obtained at the end of our study, H. arenarium caused an increase in hemocyte count with the injection of 0.25% and 0.5% doses compared to the untreated and DMSO groups. At the same time, the 0.25% and 0.5% doses showed a strong encapsulation-melanization response and an increase in phenoloxidase enzyme activity over 24 h compared to the other injected groups. Based on these results, H. arenarium extract has an anti-mitotic activity at high doses (above 0.5%). This efect may be due to the fact that the plant extract supports mitosis at a certain dose, while being toxic when exceeding it