Analysis of instruction and education methods from the perspective of values system in the Quran and Sunnah

Abstract

Education and training, science and culture in the history of Islam were often expressed in the teaching and training concepts. It is based on Qur’an and Sunnah. It aims to build the faith of individuals and society. its basic parameters; science, morality, and notification forms. In our article, we have demonstrated the basic values which constitute the origin of the value system of Qur’an and Sunnah are being of Allah, Allah's willing from man, his making man responsible from his motions, hereafter and human life. Allah is living ontological reality, eternal and unique; he hasn't a partner and he is creator of universe and human being. Allah explains his values by saying that he had willed upon himself the law of grace and mercy; he was never unjust in the least degree and he never failed in his promise and that he ordered what it was good and he prohibited what it was evil and he loved who was doing good and he would reward them and he didn't love who was doing evil insistently and he would punish them. Allah’s attachment to his own values appears at his evaluations in Qur’an and Sunnah too. In these religious nasses, Allah makes evaluations according to his own value standards and he criticizes qualities he didn't like, even if a prophet has them and approves ones he likes, even if they had been in tradition before revelation. We aim to analyze the teaching and training methods in terms of productivity and motivation dynamics in religious education in our article. we plan to make it from the value system of Qur’an and Sunnah’s perspective.

Öğretim ve eğitim faaliyetleri, İslâm ilim ve kültür tarihinde genellikle tâlim ve terbiye kavramıyla ifade edilmiştir. Tâlim /öğretim; bilgi kazandırıp onu yeni nesillere aktarmayı; terbiye/eğitim ise tutum ve davranışlara ve karakterlere kaynaklık eden tüm kabiliyet ve değerleri kazandırıp onları uygulamaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Tâlim, zekâ ve bilgiyi geliştirirken; terbiye ise iradeyi güçlendirip akıl ve irade arasında denge kurmaktadır. Kur’an ve Sünnete dayanan tâlim ve terbiye metodu evrensel olup inançlı, erdemli ve verimli birey ve toplumların inşasını amaçlamaktadır. O, yerli kaynakların yanı sıra yabancı kaynaklardan da istifade edip gelişim ve değişim sürecini daha çok onların maddî ve manevî ihtiyaç ve problemleri çizgisinde sürdürmüştür. Onun temel parametreleri; ilim, ahlâk ve tebliğ olup öğretim ve eğitim faaliyetleri ancak bunların birlikteliği sayesinde hayatın tüm alanlarına dokunabilmiştir. Çalışmamızda tâlim ve terbiye metodunun din öğretimi ve eğitimindeki verimlilik ve motivasyon dinamikleri açısından analizini ve din öğretimindeki yeni /yenilenmiş yöntem arayışlarına katkılarını Kur’an ve Sünnette değerler sistemi ve eğitimi perspektifinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlıyoruz.