A novel solid-phase extraction method for separation and preconcentration of Nickel(II) in hydrogenated vegetable oils using Sudan III functionalized Fe3O4

Abstract

This study presents a novel approach for separation/preconcentration of Ni(II) from hydrogenated vegetable oils prior to FAAS detection. Sudan III modified Fe3O4 that was characterized by FTIR and SEM, was utilized as solid phase extractor. Critical parameters effective on sorption and elution of Ni(II) were optimized using central composite design. The optimum conditions were 58.3 s vortexing time, 0.22 g sorbent mass and 19.1 mL sample volume for sorption and 6 mL of 0.86 mol L-1 HNO3 with 95 s vortexing time for elution. LOD and LOQ of the method were 35.9 mu g kg-1 and 119.6 mu g kg-1, respectively. Preconcentration factor was obtained as 3.2 and sample frequency was 23.4 h-1. Organometallic Ni standard was used in validation and recovery was 97 +/- 4 % with 4.1 % precision. Applicability was proved by the analysis of commercial hydrogenated vegetable oils with recoveries between 93.0 and 108.6 %. Environmental sustainability was assessed using the Analytical GREENness calculator, resulting in a greenness score of 0.51. This method offers a sensitive, efficient, and eco-friendly approach for trace Ni(II) analysis in complex oily matrixes.