Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment use of selenium in retinal ischemia reperfusion injury

Abstract

AIM: To investigate the effects of selenium in rat retinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) model and compare pretreatment and post-treatment use. METHODS: Selenium pre-treatment group (n=8) was treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) selenium 0.5 mg/kg for 7d and terminated 24h after the IA injury. Selenium post-treatment group (n =8) was treated with i.p. selenium 0.5 mg/kg for 7d after the IR injury with termination at the end of the 7d period. Sham group (n =8) received i.p. saline injections identical to the selenium volume for 7d with termination 24h after the IA injury. Control group (n=8) received no intervention. Main outcome measures were retina superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA fragmentation levels, and immunohistological apoptosis evaluation. RESULTS: Compared to the Sham group, selenium pre -treatment had a statistical difference in all parameters except SOD. Post -treatment selenium also resulted in statistical differences in all parameters except the MDA levels. When comparing selenium groups, the pre-treatment selenium group had a statistically higher success in reduction of markers of cell damage such as MDA and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, the post selenium treatment group had resulted in statistically higher levels of GSH. Histologically both selenium groups succeeded to limit retinal thickening and apoptosis. Pre -treatment use was statistically more successful in decreasing apoptosis in ganglion cell layer compared to post-treatment use. CONCLUSION: Selenium was successful in retinal protection in IA injuries. Pre -treatment efficacy was superior in terms of prevention of tissue damage and apoptosis.