Synthesis and characterization of luminescent Er, Nd and Dy doped Ba3BP3O12

Abstract

Purpose: Purpose of this study, our aim is high temperature based on synthesis method of barium borophosphate and doping with lanthanide type metals such as Er, Nd and Dy into the structure by solid state reaction. Design/methodology/approach: The starting materials rare earth oxides, barium carbonate, boric acid and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as analytically grade weighed 0.01:3:1:3 molar ratio and homogenized in an agate mortar. The mixture placed into a porcelain crucible to heat in high temperature oven step by step. First, mixtures waited at 400°C for 2 hours for calcination process, subsequently heated 900°C with step rate 10°C/m for 8 hours, and finally cooled down to room temperature with step rate 10°C/m. After many grindings final product get ready for characterization. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed using PANanalytical X’Pert PRO Diffractometer (XRD) with Cu Kα (1.5406 Å, 45 kV and 30 mA) radiation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was taken on a Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer from 4000 to 650 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy was achieved in SEM JEOL 6390-LV. Luminescence properties were performed by Andor Solis Sr 500i spectrophotometer. Conventional solid state syntheses were done in Protherm furnace. Findings: The XRD patterns of the samples show that 0.01 wt.% Er:Ba3BP3O12, 0.01 wt.% Nd:Ba3BP3O12 and 0.01 wt.% Dy:Ba3BP3O12 compounds were obtained as pure phase. When the pattern of the samples is compared to the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) cards, it gets along with Ba3BP3O12 crystallized in tetragonal system In the XRD pattern of the samples, there is no reflection born of rare earth metal oxides. Research limitations/implications: The synthesis method has some disadvantages such as low homogeneity, non-uniform product etc. We tried to minimize these negative aspects in our research and succeeded. Practical implications: Implications Luminescent Er:Ba3BP3O12, Nd:Ba3BP3O12 and Dy:Ba3BP3O12 compounds were synthesized by conventional solid state method completely different from literature for the first time. The characterization was mainly based on powder X-ray diffraction pattern. Also, luminescence and morphological properties were determined. Originality/value: Value of the paper is first time conventional synthesis of Er, Nd and Dy doped Ba3BP3O12 compounds, calculation of unit cell parameters, and investigation of morphological and luminescent properties.