Is There A Prognostic Significance For Copper, Beryllium, Boron, Titanium and Vanadium Ions in Prostate Cancer?

Abstract

Aim: There are several epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies that relate heavy metal exposure to Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa).In this study, the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa, some metal/nonmetal concentrations at the level of the histopathological diagnosis was investigated.Materials and Methods: Seventy-one patients were included in this study.Thesamples taken from the paraffin blocks of the patients were subjected to microwave digestion, and the sampleswereanalyzedviaInductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry(ICP-MS)to determine the level oftissue concentrationsof platinum, thallium, lead,molybdenum, cadmium, selenium77, selenium82, iron, potassium, lithium, beryllium, boron, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, strontium, tin, and antimony. The findings were analyzed with SPSS.Results: When metal/nonmetal levels in prostate tissue were examined in BPH and malignantpatientgroups,astatisticallysignificantdifferencewasfoundinthelevelsof lithium (p=0.006), beryllium (p=0.02), boron (p=0.001), sodium (p=0.009),magnesium (p=0.001), phosphorus (p=0.001), calcium (p=0.001), titanium (p=0.004), vanadium (p=0.001), chromium (p=0.04), manganese (p=0.02), cobalt (p=0.003), nickel (p=0.005), copper (p=0.019),zinc (p=0.001), arsenic (p=0.002),strontium (p=0.001), tin (p=0.002) and antimony (p=0.001). Beryllium, boron, titanium and vanadium concentrations were at least five times higher in BPH tissues.When tissue metal/nonmetal levels were compared according to the new Gleason prognostic grade grouping, a significant positive correlation was found between tissue copper levels and grade (p = 0.02).Conclusion: This study showed that beryllium, boron, titanium, and vanadium are five times or more in benign prostatic hyperplasia. It also showed that the histological grade increased with increasing copper concentration. Metal concentrations should be considered for prognosis in PCa.